This research investigates how agile project management practices have affected supply chain resilience and sustainable project management in China’s manufacturing sector. Despite the expanding interest in Agile techniques and sustainable project management, there is a significant lack of research on their combined effects on supply chain resilience and sustainable project outcomes, particularly in China’s manufacturing sector. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this study constructs hypotheses to investigate the relationships between Agile project management methods, supply chain resilience, and sustainable project management. Surveys are disseminated to 326 production workers from SMBs in the manufacturing industry to collect data. The acquired data are analyzed using PLS-SEM 4.0 (partial least squares structural equation modeling). The findings indicate that Agile project management methodologies significantly positively affect supply chain resilience and sustainable project management. The findings of this study contribute to the existing corpus of knowledge by shedding light on the importance of agile techniques for enhancing supply chain resilience and promoting sustainable project management in the Chinese manufacturing sector. The paper presents theoretical implications, practical recommendations, and future research directions, focusing on incorporating Agile approaches to improve SME supply chain resilience and project outcomes. These insights can assist industry practitioners and policymakers in developing strategies to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of SME manufacturers.