To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale for medical staff and to establish a basis for assessing nurses’ resilience following workplace violence. A total of 307 nurses who experienced workplace violence in a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province were selected as study participants using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Stress Resilience Scale, and reliability analyses were conducted using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 28.0. The overall internal consistency reliability of the scale was 0.955. The internal consistency reliabilities of its dimensions were 0.914, 0.900, 0.858, and 0.851. The split-half reliabilities of the dimensions ranged from 0.808 to 0.920, while the retest reliability of the scale was 0.939. The scale demonstrated robust convergent and discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the model fit the data well: χ²/df was 2.852, RMSEA was 0.078, and the fit indices met the required standards. The AVE and CR values ranged from 0.635 to 0.706 and 0.872 to 0.913, respectively. Correlation coefficients among the scale’s dimensions were all below 0.5, and the square roots of the average variance extracted (AVE) for the dimensions were between 0.797 and 0.840. The Chinese version of the Resilience Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing nurses’ resilience levels, particularly following exposure to workplace violence.