Calculating hourly cost rates in project-based industries – part 1; capacity modeling

Authors

  • Jan Emblemsvag Norwegian University of Science and Technology Norway
  • Gary Cokins Analytics-Based Performance Management LLC Cary, North Carolina United States

Keywords:

Earned Value, Activity-Based Costing, subcontracting, shipbuilding, construction, fabrication

Abstract

Hourly cost rates are crucial in project costing due to the substantial proportion of labor cost in projects. Critical in this endeavor is to model capacity correctly. While there is much published on capacity modeling, there is nothing published about capacity modeling in project-based industries. This fact in combination with the fact that it is a contentious topic in corporations, makes it an important topic for research. Therefore, in this paper capacity modeling is analyzed and a revised version of the CAM-I capacity model is proposed for project-based industries. Both an example and a case are provided to allow detailed discussions.

Author Biographies

  • Jan Emblemsvag, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Norway

    Jan Emblemsvåg is the General Manager of Midsund Bruk AS, a leading supplier of pressure vessels and a fully owned subsidiary by National Oilwell Varco. He is also Professor II at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, consultant and speaker. His experience includes management consulting, project-, risk- and operations management and senior management positions in various industries. He is an ambassador to Quality & Risk Norway. He has written several books and dozens of papers. He holds a PhD and M.Sc. at Georgia Institute of Technology and a M.Sc. at Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

  • Gary Cokins, Analytics-Based Performance Management LLC Cary, North Carolina United States

    Gary Cokins is an internationally recognized expert, speaker, and author in enterprise and corporate performance management improvement methods and business analytics. He is the founder of Analytics-Based Performance Management, an advisory firm located in Cary, North Carolina at www.garycokins.com . Gary received a BS degree with honors in Industrial Engineering/Operations Research from Cornell University in 1971. He received his MBA with honors from Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management in 1974. Gary began his career as a strategic planner with FMC’s Link-Belt Division and then served as Financial Controller and Operations Manager. In 1981 Gary began his management consulting career first with Deloitte consulting, and then in 1988 with KPMG consulting. In 1992 Gary headed the National Cost Management Consulting Services for Electronic Data Systems (EDS) now part of HP. From 1997 until 2013 Gary was a Principal Consultant with SAS, a leading provider of business analytics software. His two most recent books are Performance Management: Integrating Strategy Execution, Methodologies, Risk, and Analytics, and Predictive Business Analytics. His books are published by John Wiley & Sons.

References

Cokins, G. (2001). Activity-Based Cost Management: An Executive's Guide. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley.p. 386.

Cooper, R. (1990). "Explicating the Logic of ABC." Management Accounting (UK)(November):pp. 58 - 60.

Cooper, R. and R. S. Kaplan (1992). "Activity-Based Systems: Measuring the Costs of Resource Usage." Accounting Horizons(September):pp. 1-13.

Eden, Y. and B. Ronen (1991). "The Hourly Rate: Myth and Reality." Industrial Management 33(September/October):pp. 28-30.

Emblemsvåg, J. (2014a). "Lean project planning: Using lean principles in project planning." International Journal of Construction Project Management 6(2):pp. 185-207.

Emblemsvåg, J. (2014b). "Lean project planning in Shipbuilding." Journal of Ship Production and Design 30(2):pp. 79-88.

Emblemsvåg, J. and G. Cokins (2020). “Calculating hourly cost rates in project-based industries – part 2; cost management.” The Journal of Modern Project Management. 8 (1): pp. X-Y.

Fleming, Q. W. and J. M. Koppelman (2005). Earned Value Project Management. Newtown Square, PA, Project Management Institute.p. 232.

Flyvbjerg, B., N. Bruzelius and W. Rothengatter (2012). Megaprojects and risk: An Anatomy of Ambition. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.p. 207.

Fox, R. (1986). "Cost Accounting: Asset or Liability." Journal of Accounting and EDP(Winter):pp. 31 - 37.

Goldratt, E. M. (1983). Cost Accounting Number One Enemy of Productivity. Proceeding of APICS Conference.

Horngren, C. T. and G. Foster (1991). Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, Inc.p. 964.

IMA (1996). Measuring the Cost of Capacity. Practice of Management Accounting. Montvale, NJ, Institute of Management Accountants (IMA).p. 35.

Johnson, H. T. and R. S. Kaplan (1987). Relevance Lost: The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting. Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press.p. 269.

Jorgensen, T. and S. W. Wallace (2000). "Improving Cost Estimation by Taking into Account Managerial Flexibility." European Journal of Operational Research 127(2):pp. 239-251.

Kaplan, R. S. (1984). "Yesterday's Accounting Undermines Production." Harvard Business Review(July/August):pp. 95 - 101.

Kaplan, R. S. and R. Cooper (1999). Cost & Effect: Using Integrated Cost Systems to Drive Profitability and Performance. Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press,.p. 357.

Kaplan, R. S. and S. R. Anderson (2005). "Rethinking Activity-Based Costing." Research & Ideas - Harvard Business School Working Knowledge(Jan 24).

Keller, I. W. (1958). "Capacity Utilization Studies for Cost Control and Reduction." NAA Bulletin 39(No. 11 (July)):pp. 38-45.

Kerzner, H. (2013). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons.p. 1296.

Kinsella, S. M. (2002). "Activity Based Costing: Does It Warrant Inclusion in A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide)?" Project Management Journal 33(2):pp. 49-56.

Konopka, J. M. (1995). "Capacity utilization bottleneck efficiency systems - CUBES." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology 18(3):pp. 484-491.

Koskela, L. (1992). Application of the New Production Philosophy to Construction. Standford, CA, Stanford University, Center for Integrated Facility Engineering.p. 75.

LeaderSHIP 2015 High Level Advisory Group (2003). LeaderSHIP 2012: Defining the Future of the European Shipbuilding and Shiprepair Industry. Brussels, European Commission.p. 40.

Martin, R. F. (1932). "Industrial Overcapacity." Bulletin for the Taylor Society(June):pp. 94-99.

McNair, C. J. and R. Vangermeersch (1998). Total Capacity Management: Optimizing at the Operational, Tactical, and Strategic Levels. Boca Raton, FL, St. Lucie Press.p. 352.

Miller, J. G. and T. E. Vollmann (1985). "The Hidden Factory." Harvard Business Review(September-October):pp. 142-150.

Morris, P. W., J. K. Pinto and J. Söderlund (2013). Introduction - Towards the third wave of project management. The Oxford Handbook of Project Management. P. W. Morris, J. K. Pintoet al. Oxford, Oxford University Press:pp. 1-36.

Nam, C. H. and C. B. Tatum (1988). "Major characteristic of constructed products and resulting limitations of constructuon technology." Construction Management and Economics 6(2):pp. 133-148.

Ostrenga, M. R. (1988). "A Methodology for Identifying Your Excess Capacity Costs." Journal of Cost Management(Summer):pp. 39-44.

Paton, W. A. and A. Littleton (1940). An Introduction to Corporate Accounting Standards. Chicago, American Accounting Association.p. 156.

Plossl, G. W. (1991). Managing in the New World of Manufacturing: How Companies Can Improve Operations to Compete Globally. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.p. 189.

Powner, D. A. (2008). OMB And Agencies Need to Improve Planning, Management, and Oversight of Projects Totaling Billions of Dollars. Washington DC, United States Government Accountability Office (GAO).p. 50.

SMA 4Y (1996). Measuring the Cost of Capacity. Practise of Management Accounting. Montvale, NJ, Institute of Management Accountants.p. 35.

Soperiwala, P. R. (2006). "Capacity Utilization: Using the CAM-I Capacity Model in a Multi-Hierarchical Manufacturing Environment." Management Accounting Quarterly 7(2):pp. 17-34.

Stedry, A. C. (1960). Budget Control and Cost Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall.p. 182.

Sumara, J. and J. Goodpasture (1997). Earned Value - The Next Generation - A Practical Application for Commercial Projects. Project Management Institute 28th Annual Seminars & Symposium. Chicago, IL, Project Management Institute:pp. 13-17.

Taggart, H. F. (1934). "The Relation of a Cost Accountant to the NRA Codes." Accounting Review 9(2 (June)):pp. 149-157.

The Economist (2017). Least improved. The Economist. 424:pp. 47-48.

Uchitelle, L. (2003). Overcapacity Stalls New Jobs. The New York Times (web version), October 19th:pp.

Warszawski, A. (1990). Industrialization and Robotics in Building: A Managerial Approach. New York, Harper & Row.p. 466.

Downloads

Published

2022-05-20

How to Cite

Calculating hourly cost rates in project-based industries – part 1; capacity modeling. (2022). The Journal of Modern Project Management, 7(4). https://journalmodernpm.com/manuscript/index.php/jmpm/article/view/JMPM02204

Similar Articles

1-10 of 257

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.