EFFECTS OF SPIRITUAL AND RECREATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEES’ BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES: EXPLORING MODERATING ROLE OF ALTRUISM ON EMPLOYEES SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE

Abstract

This study seeks to investigate the connection between spiritual and recreational leadership and the performance and contentment of employees. In addition, it examines the moderating function of altruism between spiritual and recreational leadership and its influence on employee performance and satisfaction. The data was gathered from 126 employees of Saudi companies to achieve the objectives and produce effective results. Spiritual leadership (SL) is positively associated with employee satisfaction (ES) and employee performance (EP), according to the study’s findings. Moreover, recreational leadership (RL) significantly impacts both ES and EP. In the context of altruism, the relationship between SL and EP is substantially moderated by altruism, whereas the relationship between SL and ES is not positively moderated by altruism. In addition, altruism substantially moderates the relationship between RL and EP and RL and ES. These findings demonstrate the need for programs and policies encouraging organizations to implement SL and RL to maximize employee performance and satisfaction.